一、添加硬盘
1、关机虚拟机新增硬盘后开机
2、重启虚拟机后，使用lsblk命令查看磁盘情况
3、使用fdisk /dev/sdb命令创建新分区
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x9533fd55.
Command (m for help):
二、使用mkfs.ext4命令进行格式化
1、先使用lsblk命令查看分区表
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 40G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 39G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 37G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 60G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 60G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 973M 0 rom
2、发现新分区是sdb1（我只分了一个主分区，所以是sdb1。）然后我们对sdb1使用mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1命令进行格式化
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Discarding device blocks: done
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
3932160 inodes, 15728384 blocks
786419 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2164260864
480 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
三、挂载磁盘到某个目录
1、我以挂载到根分区的data目录为例：新建/data目录，挂载分区到/data目录(mount临时挂载，关机失效)
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir data
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data2、查看磁盘使用情况
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 12M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 37G 4.9G 33G 14% /
/dev/sda1 1014M 194M 821M 20% /boot
overlay 37G 4.9G 33G 14% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/9856e4fb9e727eee69b32053f8f5f0d23b9fd137a4ab7f5a1e26cde0c5473605/merged
overlay 37G 4.9G 33G 14% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/478f1bbc15f47cb5f43988a340b0abe8a4580ec4980e22c080081e3617721c5e/merged
overlay 37G 4.9G 33G 14% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/026263a05440f37b8a13ec0455748b9da2b23433330139ab6e43fecafc70f103/merged
overlay 37G 4.9G 33G 14% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/065bbf81a0e1bc7b24ad11ddbb03bae20c5aa13068fbfdde58271c5c5ae1deb5/merged
overlay 37G 4.9G 33G 14% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/a9bd39fc34004486ee69e62bff06b04d649a137aca9a45cd32bfcee80ba5a53b/merged
tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 59G 53M 56G 1% /data
[root@localhost ~]#
3、如果需要开机自动挂载可以vi /etc/fstab新增一条代码使挂载永久生效
/dev/sdb1 /data xfs defaults 0 0
四、新硬盘扩容到/dev/mapper/centos-root根分区
扩容/dev/mapper/centos-root，前八步相同，将第九步骤换成第十步骤就可以了
1、创建pv(给刚刚新建的分区 /dev/sdb1)
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/sdb1 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping ext4 signature on /dev/sdb1.
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
2、把pv加入vg中，相当于扩充vg的大小，先使用vgs查看vg组，然后扩展vg，使用vgextend命令
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
centos 1 2 0 wz--n- <39.00g 4.00m
[root@localhost ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sdb1
Volume group "centos" successfully extended
3、我们成功把vg卷扩展了，在用vgs查看一下
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
centos 2 2 0 wz--n- 98.99g 60.00g
4、扩展lv，使用lvextend命令，查看lv大小，df -h 发现centos-root空间没有变化
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +60G /dev/mapper/centos-root
Size of logical volume centos/root changed from 56.99 GiB (14590 extents) to 96.99 GiB (24830 extents).
Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root centos -wi-ao---- 96.99g
swap centos -wi-ao---- 2.00g
5、那么我们要使用命令使系统重新读取大小，再使用df -h查看
root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=2424320 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=9697280, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=4735, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 9697280 to 25425920
到这里我们就成功扩展了
